A new approach based on image processing for detection of wear of guide-rail surface in elevator systems

Elevators ensure transportation of people inside buildings and increase their life quality. High-rise buildings whose number is increasingly going up today has one or more elevator cabs to provide vertical transportation. A great number of people use elevators in many buildings such as business centres, hotels, hospitals and shopping centres daily. It is highly essential for the elevators used by many people daily to operate constantly. In the event of sudden failure of elevators during operation, people inside them face with a tough situation. Also, people have difficulty during the maintenance-repair period of elevators. Elevator system has counterweight system in order to balance the weight of elevator cab. A guide-rail system has been developed to limit the movements of elevator cab and counterweights on horizontal axis. When an elevator system is operational, cab and counterweight system move reversely. The common failures in elevators are usually seen in the components such as elevator guide-rail system, ropes and motors. In this study, a system based on image processing has been developed in order to prevent wear on guide-rail surface in elevators. In the proposed method, real-time condition monitoring is performed by cameras using built-in system. The images of elevator guide-rail surface are captured via four digital cameras fixed onto elevator cab. The image-processing methods are applied on the images captured by cameras and hence the wears on the surface of guide-rails are detected. The surface of guide-rail is firstly detected in the proposed method. Then, image segmentation and mathematical morphology are applied on the image of guide-rail surface and the wears on the surface of rail are detected. The failure extent of the wear failures detected are calculated. By processing the images captured by four cameras during movement of elevator, the results for surface of guide-rails are obtained. Using these results, reporting is performed. An elevator prototype has been created in order to carry out tests for development of the proposed method. The tests have been conducted by fixing the built-in system and cameras onto this elevator prototype. It is considerably advantageous to detect the failures on elevator guide-rails through image-processing methods. Following a literature review, it is seen that the proposed method is a new approach

Ege Bölgesi koşullarında bazı patates klonlarının adaptasyon yetenekleri üzerinde araştırmalar

Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.38 Z USAMMENFAASSUN6 Dieser versuch wurde im Jahre 1991 auf deu Feld in Ödemiş als Mikroproduktionsversuch durchge-führt. Beim Versuch wurde als genetisches Material 12 KartofFel klonen, die schon aus dem Forschungsprojekt 114 im Institut für Pflanzenoau und Pf lanzenzüchtung der landw. Fakultaet der Ege- Universitaet gewonnen worden waren. Als Standartsorten wurden Cos i ma, Brandifolia und 6/7 angewandt. In vegetat ioqsperiode bzw. nach der Ernte einige Beobachtungen in j bezug auF agronomischen Merknialen durchgeführt. Es hat sich hierbei festgestel İt; Durchschnitt der papulation, StandartsFehler von Durchschnitt, Variati- onsquotient und die minimalen und maximalen Werte. Die besten Klonen bzw. Sorten wurden in bezug auf die in Hand genowwenen Eigenscha-ften festgestel It. Die Klonen und Sorten erbrachten hier hinsichtlich alien Eigenschaf ten ausser Staerkepehalt aneinander unter- schiedliche Ergebnisse. Höchste Ertraege brachte hier sogar die Klone 9-44. Nach Angaben dieses Versuches wurde schan die Klone 9-44, 2-1 und 8-1 erfolgsversprechend gefunden. Die Standartsorten folgten im Ertrag diesen Klonen nach. Bezüglich der untersucfıten Eigenschaften erbrachte die Klone 2-12 keine gut e Ergebnisse.37 QZET Bu araştırma 1991 yılında ödemiş ' ilçesi üretici tarlasında mikroverim denemesi olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede genetik materyal olarak E. ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümünde Araştırma Fonu 114 numaralı projeden elde edilmiş 12 melez patates klonu kullanılmıştır. Standart çeşit olarak Cosima, Srandifolia ve 6/7 kullanılmıştır. Vejetasyon ve hasat sonrası dönemde bazı tarımsal özelliklere ilişkin ölçü, tartım ve gözlemler yapılmıştır. ölçülen özellikler için, populasyon ortalaması, ortalamanın standart hatası, değişkenlik katsayısı ve minimum ve de maksimum değerleri saptanmıştır. Ele alınan her özellik bakımından üstün olan klon veya çeşitler belirlenmiştir. Klan ve çeşitler nişasta oranları hariç tüm özellikler yönünden birbirinden -Farklı sonuç vermiştir. En yüksek verimli klon 9-44 no' lu hattır. Bu araştırma sonucunda; verim yönünden 9-44, 2-1 ve S- 1 klanları başarılı sonuç vermiştir. Standart çeşitler ise verim yönünden hemen bu klonların altında sıralanmışlardır, incelenen özellikler yönünden en kötü sonucu 2-12 klonu vermişti

A new real time control approach for time efficiency in group elevator control system

In parallel with the increase seen in the number of high-rise buildings, vertical transport systems are progressing. One of the results of this progress is the emergence of group elevator systems and their primary aim is to transport its passengers to the target floor the fastest way possible. Studies on this field are generally simulation and optimization based and they have an aim of minimizing the passengers’ waiting and traveling periods. In this study, a real time group elevator experimental setup was created and an optimization algorithm was applied on the setup. Genetic algorithm was chosen as optimization algorithm and this method was tested in an elevator prototype of 10 floors and 5 cabins. The results obtained revealed efficiency, performance and accuracy of proposed method

A New Approach for Background Subraction Based Moving Object Detection and Counting in Industrial System

msufbdBilgisayarlı görme ve görüntü işleme yaklaşımları günümüzde endüstriyel kontrol sistemlerinde oldukça önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Özellikle kalite kontrol sistemlerinde kullanılan bilgisayarlı görme teknolojisi bir üretim hattında üretilen ürünlerin hızlı, sorunsuz ve doğru bir şekilde kontrol edilmesi açısından oldukça büyük öneme sahiptir. Klasik metotlarla yapılan kontrollerin getireceği problemler göz önüne alındığında bilgisayarlı görme kavramının ehemmiyeti daha net bir şekilde anlaşılacaktır. Bu çalışmada bilgisayarlı görme tabanlı kalite kontrolü için yeni bir metot önerilmiştir. Önerilen metot bir üretim hattından geçen ürünlerin görüntülerini kaydeder. Üretim bandından geçen bu ürünler saniyede 60 görüntü karesi (fps) hızına sahip bir kamera aracılığıyla kaydedilmiştir. Önerilen yaklaşımda alınan görüntüler öncelikle bazı morfolojik işlemlerden geçirilerek ürünlerin detaylarının net bir şekilde ortaya çıkarılması sağlanmıştır. Daha sonra Gaussian karışım modeli ile arkaplanı çıkarılarak hareket eden nesneler tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra belirlenen bölgeden nesnelerin geçip geçmediği kontrol edilerek saydırma işlemi yapılmıştır. Birbirine yakın veya üst üste binmiş olan nesnelerin doğru şekilde saydırılması için Convex hull yöntemi ile nesnelerin kontur’ü çizdirilmiş ve nesnelerin alanına göre alandan çoklu nesne geçip geçmediği tespit edilmiştir. Önerilen bu yaklaşım ile yüksek hıza sahip üretim bantlarında geçen ürünlerin eksiksiz ve sorunsuz bir şekilde sayımı gerçekleştirilmiş olup, elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar ile algoritmanın etkili ve doğru sonuçlar verdiği gözlemlenmiştir.In recent years, computer vision and image processing approaches hold a very important place in industrial control systems. Especially, the computer vision technique used in the quality control of products in a production line has a great importance in terms of controlling of products fast, smoothly and correctly. When it is considered problems brought up by the inspections carried out by conventional methods, the importance of computer vision concept will be understood more clearly. In this study, a new method was proposed for computer vision based quality control. The proposed method records images of products passed on a production line as a video. These products were counted by using high speed image processing techniques. Products passed on a production line were recorded by using a camera with 60 frame per second (fps). In the proposed method, the images taken in the proposed approach are firstly subjected to some morphological operations to reveal the details of the products clearly. Then, moving objects were detected by removing the background with Gaussian mixture model. Then, it is checked whether or not the objects in the determined area have passed, and the process of counting is performed. The contours of the objects are drawn with Convex hull method and it is determined whether multiple objects pass over the area according to the area of the objects. The counting of the products in high speed production line was performed successfully and completely and the experimental results show that the algorithm is effective and accurate results. 32802

A New Approach Based On Image Processing for Measuring Compressive Strength of Structures

The compressive strength factor in civil engineering is a very important parameter used to determine the performance ofstructures. The stability of structures can be tested with this parameter which is used to measure the performance of concrete under differentloads. This parameter, which should be determined for the safety of the structures, is usually based on experimental analyses performed inthe laboratory environment. In this study, a new approach to compressive strength measurement in civil engineering is proposed. With thisapproach, which is based on image processing, measurement of compressive strength parameter of concrete samples taken from structuresis performed. For this purpose, images of concrete specimens with different strengths are taken and these images are divided into twogroups as training and test set. Then, image processing algorithms are applied to these images and the compressive strength of concretespecimens is calculated. It has been determined that the approach suggested in the test runs performed with an error rate of about 1-2%

The effects of cavity disinfection on the nanoleakage of compomer restorations: an in vitro study

Cavity disinfection, in addition to routine caries removal methods, is recommended to eliminate the microorganisms. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of various systems Er,Cr:YSGG lasers, diode lasers and FotoSan and agents Corsodyl; Cervitec and Cervitec Plus and Fluor Protector—on the nanoleakage of compomer restorations when used for cavity disinfection. Materials and Methods A total of 40 intact human deciduous molar teeth containing Black V cavities (3×2×1.5 mm) on the buccal and lingual surfaces parallel to the cementoenamel junction were randomly divided into 8 groups according to the cavity disinfection methods. The antibacterial agents and systems were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Restorations were completed using a compomer. The restored teeth were then subjected to thermocycling for 500 cycles in a water bath at 5°C and 55°C with a dwell time of 30 seconds. After the thermocycling procedures, 1-mm sticks were obtained from the center of each cavity to prepare for the nanoleakage test. After the teeth were sectioned, they were immersed in 50 wt % ammoniacal silver nitrate solution for 24 hours and dipped in photo-developing solutions for 8 hours with fluorescent light irradiation. The samples were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test (p0.05). The Corsodyl (p0.05). Corsodyl (p<0.01) ve Cervitec (p<0.001) gruplarında ise nanosızıntı miktarı kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Antibakteriyel etkinliği bulunan ve hem kontrol hem de test gruplarına göre daha düşük nanosızıntı değerleri gösteren Er,Cr:YSGG lazer kavite dezenfeksiyonunda önerilebilir. Ayrıca antibakteriyel etkinliği bulunan ve sızıntıyı etkilemeyen diod lazer ve FotoSan da kavite dezenfeksiyonunda önerilebilecek yöntemler arasında yer alabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Er,Cr:YSGG Lazer; Diod Lazer; FotoSan; Antibakteriyal Ajan; Nanosızıntı